Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996:
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, (HIPAA) protects human subjects from potential abuse of personal and private health information. Also known as the Privacy Rule of 2003, HIPAA laws categorize health information that may be released under conditional purposes.
The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) (34 CFR Part 99):
This Federal law safeguards student education records, under applicable programs funded by the U.S. Department of Education. Specified rights are extended to parents of students under the age of 18. The rights are transferred to the student when he or she reaches the age of 18, or levels above high school. Annually, schools must notify parents and eligible students of their FERPA rights. In addition, schools must obtain written permission from parents for the release of student records. However, the following are exceptions where FERPA will allow schools to disclose certain records without consent to the following parties within these conditions (34CFR 99.31):
- School officials with legitimate educational interests
- Schools to which a student will transfer
- Auditing officials for evaluation purposes
- Parties connecting students with financial aid
- Judicial order compliance, or lawfully issued subpoena
- Emergency health and safety officials in case of health and safety emergencies
- Juvenile Justice System, state and local authorities, pursuant to specific state law
Protection of Pupil Rights Amendments (34 CFR Part 98):
The Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA), funded by the United States Department of Education, involves programs and activities within the state and local education agencies. It monitors the administration of surveys, evaluations, and analysis for students regarding protected areas:
- Student or student parent politically affiliated beliefs
- Mental or psychological issues of students or student’s family
- Sex attitudes or behaviors
- Anti-social, atoning, illegal, or demeaning behavior
- Legally recognized privileged or equivalent relationships such as those of attorneys, physicians, and ministers
- Critical evaluation of other individuals with whom the informant has close family relationships
- Religious practice, alliances or beliefs of students, or student’s parents
- Income status, to determine program participation eligibility for receiving financial assistance
In addition, PPRA also monitors marketing surveys, parental access to student information, and administration of certain physical examinations for minors. The PPRA rights transfer from parents to students who have reached the age of 18, or emancipated minor under the law.
Jackson Public School Local Research Policy (CG/LDC):
‘All research projects undertaken in the Jackson Public School District must be approved by the Superintendent or designee. Any research endeavor must be consistent with the philosophy and goals of the school district and must provide for the possible overall improvement of the district.’
Supporting Links:
Jackson Public School Research Policy (CG/LDC)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPAA)
Health and Human Services (HHS)
Office for Human Research Protection (OHRP): Subpart D
Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA)
Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)